3. Byzantine Era, First Islamic Naval Expedition (647 AD) & Richard the Lionheart
From the partition of Rome in 395 AD through three centuries of Byzantine-Arab maritime treaties, culminating in King Richard the Lionheart’s capture of the island during the Third Crusade in 1191.
For nearly 300 years, Cyprus was jointly administered under a unique neutrality treaty between the Byzantine Empire and the Umayyad/Abbasid Caliphates before falling to the Crusaders in 1191.